The society is made of different people who belong to different cultures, traditions and social levels. Despite all these differences, the gap between rich and poor matters a lot. According to world classifications, there are rich counties in the world as well as poor countries. These countries have many differences than wealth. Therefore, this paper presents a slight description on rich and poor countries explaining the difference between them, in order to provide an idea about the matter for those who are yet blind to the fact.

What is a rich country?
A rich country is also called as developed country. Advanced country, industrialized country, more developed country (MDC), more economically developed country, Global North country, first world country, post-industrial country are some other common terms that are used to identify a rich country. Relative to other nations, a rich country possesses a developed economy. To evaluate the degree of the economic development, there are widely used criteria. It includes gross domestic product (GDP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living. In rich countries, the service sector provides more wealth than the industrial sector. In economy, this is called a post-industrial economy. The above mentioned criteria, which are used to evaluate the degree of economic development, recently included the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other measures, indices for life expectancy and education. In the today’s context, HDI has become prominent. In a poor country, the infant mortality is higher than the deaths of elderly people. On the other hand, children, mothers and pregnant women keep their lives in a high risk. Adding more to this, child abuse and under age pregnancy have higher values in poor countries. Poor countries have many social and economic issues. Most of the poor countries in the world are indebted to rich countries. On the other hand, they cannot spend as much as possible on nutrition, health care, education, sanitisation, and transporting as well. Therefore, people in these countries are usually lack of strength to work hard, which means least development. Unemployment is another issue these poor countries are facing. Lack of education and lack of money to enter a foreign education or go abroad leads teens in poor countries to unemployment. Thus, poor countries maintain their society with a large number of issues in it.

 
What is a poor country?
A poor country can be defined as a country, which exhibits the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development, with the lowest Human Development Index ratings of all countries in the world. Such a country is also called as a least developed country (LDC), undeveloped country, third world country, less developed country, lesser developed country, and sometimes as a Fourth World as well. There are three criteria that are concerned to classify a country as a poor country. Low-income, human resource weakness and economic vulnerability are them. In case of low-income, a poor country has three-year average Gross national income per capita of less than US$905. Human resource weakness is measured based on indicators of nutrition, health, education and adult literacy and at last, instability of agricultural production, instability of exports of goods and services, economic importance of non-traditional activities, merchandise export concentration, handicap of economic smallness, and the percentage of population displaced by natural disasters cause economic vulnerability.

What is the difference between poor and rich country?
The difference between rich and poor countries causes many reasons where the economy tops. To remain rich for a country, it is said that three-year average Gross national income per capita must exceed US$1,086. According to economist, a poor country has the three-year average Gross national income per capita of less than US$905. Therefore, the Gross national income or GNI as it is called, plays a major role in identifying rich countries from poor. Nutrition, medical care and being employed also cause the difference between rich countries and poor countries. In poor countries, it has found that many people are unemployed or they lack the strength to be employed, because they lack adequate nutrition and medical care. But this is completely different in developed countries or in rich countries. There people work hard and as they can and scrape to get by. On the other hand, they return home well paid. Their jobs are physically pleasant as well.

In rich countries almost 50 per cent of the deaths are among adults of 80 and over. And also, the leading causes of death are chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, cancers, diabetes or dementia. Lung infection remains the only leading infectious cause of death. But this is totally vice-versa in poor countries. There, around 40 per cent of all deaths are among children under the age of 14. This is a big issue for the future of those countries. When child deaths increase, in the future, there might not have an energetic work force for the country and that directly cause the downfall of the economy of the country. On the other hand, when the elderly population increase, they have to be cared well and that increases the expenditure as well. In these poor countries, complications of pregnancy and childbirth together continue to be a leading cause of death, claiming the lives of both infants and mothers. Poor countries lack of facilities such as transporting, medical and educational as well. This directly causes the country to become poor. Thus, the quality of lives of people in that country goes down. Moreover, in poor countries, children have the tendency to work and earn money where children in rich countries concentrate much on studying.

RDBMS and Hadoop are different concepts of storing, processing and retrieving the information. DBMS and RDBMS are in the literature for a long time whereas Hadoop is a new concept comparatively. As the storage capacities and customer data size are increased enormously, processing this information with in a reasonable amount of time becomes crucial. Especially when it comes to data warehousing applications, business intelligence reporting, and various analytical processing, it becomes very challenging to perform complex reporting within a reasonable amount of time as the size of the data grows exponentially as well as the growing demands of customers for complex analysis and reporting.

What is Hadoop?

Hadoop is an open source Apache project. Hadoop framework was written in Java. It is scalable and therefore can support high performance demanding applications. Storing very large amounts of data on the file systems of multiple computers are possible in Hadoop framework. It is configured to enable scalability from single node or computer to thousands of nodes or independent systems in such a way that the individual nodes use local computer storage, CPU, memory and processing power. Error handling is performed in the application layer level when a node is failed, and therefore, dynamic addition of nodes, i.e., processing power, in an as needed basis by ensuring the high-availability, eg: without a need for a downtime on production environment, of an individual node.

Hadoop framework was developed based on Google’s MapReduce algorithm. The term BIG data in an organization is the huge amount of information or data that is unable to be processed by using traditional methods within reasonable amount of time. The problem was identified by Internet search companies that had to query very large amount of unorganized and distributed data. Big-Data processing becomes very highly demanded practice in these days and therefore, Hadoop becomes very popular especially for the companies which process BIG data. Facebook , AOL , IBM , ImageShack and Yahoo are some of the companies that have been using Hadoop. Recently, there are hundreds of companies started working on BIG data processing applications based on Hadoop framework.

What is RDBMS?

RDBMS is relational database management system. Database management system (DBMS) stores data in the form of tables, which comprises of columns and rows. The structured query language (SQL) will be used to extract necessary data stored in these tables. The RDBMS which stores the relationships between these tables in different forms such as one column entries of a table will serve as a reference for another table. These column values are known as primary keys and foreign keys. These keys will be used to reference the other tables so that the appropriate data can be related and be retrieved by joining these different tables using SQL queries as needed. The tables and the relationships can be manipulated by joining appropriate tables through SQL queries.

The most important attribute of a relational database system is that a single database system generally has several tables and relationships between these tables so that the information is classified into tables of independent entities. They are also stored independently in a normalized or simplified way and a relationship is maintained within these tables using primary/foreign key constraints. This is different from a flat file or data structure. The data on a database could be stored in a single data file or multiple data files. The data file size will grow or the new data files will be added as the new records are added and the size of the database is increased. These all files are commonly shared by the database server. In high availability systems, these data files are shared so that each node will have access to the same data file. Generally all popular database systems are relational database management systems. In order to give some quick and easy navigation to related data, some logical views are created from the actual tables. There will be a physical existence for every table in the database whereas a view is a virtual table, which does not exist physically rather a logical creation from the existing physical table. IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, Sybase, Oracle, MySQL and PostgreSQL are some examples for RDBMS.

What is the difference between Hadoop and an RDBMS?

Hadoop framework works very well with structured and unstructured data. This also supports variety of data formats in real time such as XML, JSON and text based flat file formats. However, RDBMS only work with better when an entity relationship model (ER model) is defined perfectly and therefore, the database schema or structure can grow and unmanaged otherwise. i.e., An RDBMS works well with structured data. Hadoop will be a choice in environments such as when there are needs for BIG data processing on which the data being processed does not have consistent relationships. Where the data size is too BIG for complex processing, or not easy to define the relationships between the data, then it becomes difficult to save the extracted information in an RDBMS with a coherent relationship.

For example, to analyze Internet data published by various websites. Out of those existing hundreds of millions of websites, each website has different types of contents and the relationships between them are not unique. In such cases, Hadoop is a great choice. Since the exposure of these capabilities increase, the companies choosing Hadoop not only for help handling the historically grown BIG data, but also using Hadoop for meeting high performance needs for new applications. For eg: Plotting a monthly energy usage of a customer by comparing between previous months, between his or her neighbors or even between customers on the same streets. This will bring more awareness, but running such complex comparison by analyzing large set of data takes several hours of processing time, and introduction of Hadoop help improving the computing performance from 10 times to 100 times or more.

RDBMS database technology is a very proven, consistent, matured and highly supported by world best companies. This works better when the data is definitions such as data types, relationships among the data, constraints and etc. Hence, this is more appropriate for real time OLTP processing.

This post also helps answering the following questions:
What is the difference between a Hadoop database and a traditional Relational Database?
What is the difference between a Hadoop database and a database management system (DBMS)?

Human beings are social creatures and because of this inherent nature of man, we tend to develop certain kinds of bonds and relationships with other human beings and give them various names and definitions. Friend and acquaintance are two such names that we bestow upon two such groups of people with whom we have developed certain bonds with. But how do we distinguish between the two? Let us find out.

Who is a friend?
The term ‘friend’ indicates a person whom one knows, likes, and trusts, supports, sympathizes with. The above mentioned qualities indicate some basic characteristics that one expects in a friend such as likability and trust. A friend is expected to support and sympathize with the other person who he or she refers to as a friend. Therefore, one may come to the conclusion that a friend is someone that a person knows very well in terms of personal tastes, likes and dislikes and also with whom one shares one’s intimate details with. A friend is someone that a person relies on during troubled times and he or she will only be willing to lend a helping hand during the times of need. A friend is someone that an individual associates with closely as opposed to maintaining a superficial social bond with.

Who is an acquaintance?
An acquaintance can be defined as knowledge of a person acquired by a relationship much less intimate than friendship or a person known to one, but usually not a close friend. This indicates that an acquaintance is a person that one is familiar with but a person that he or she does not know very closely. The relationship that a person maintains with an acquaintance is not a very intimate one. One may see a certain person everyday and one may even speak with them briefly and yet, if he or she maintains a superficial social bond with that particular individual, that person may be referred to as an acquaintance.

What is the difference between an acquaintance and a friend?
An acquaintance is a person that an individual does not have an intimate connection with, who only just knows him or her and meets him or her only once in a while. And yet, a friend is someone that one knows very intimately and interacts more frequently than with a mere acquaintance. Also, while one may not trust their acquaintances, a person places his whole trust and faith in a friend.

One may not turn to an acquaintance in times of trouble. It is not likely that a person may divulge his or her trouble to a mere acquaintance while he or she may do so with a friend. And often, it is not likely that a mere acquaintance will help an individual in those trying times. But a friend will do so, quite willingly and spontaneously, sometimes even without having been asked for help.

While a friend is always interested in his or her friend’s welfare, an acquaintance is not. He or she would not care. A friend will help his or her friend to achieve their dreams while an acquaintance may not be bothered to do so. A friend will remain by one’s side in times of sadness, sickness and in health while one cannot expect an acquaintance to do so.

All in all, a friend is someone that a person trusts and associates with very intimately whereas an acquaintance is someone that a person is familiar with and yet someone who he or she does not know well enough to associate with intimately.

Bluetooth and wireless are two very popular technologies that allow different devices to connect with one another and share data from a distance. These two technologies exist in all kinds of computers, laptops and mobile phones alike. However, the purposes that Bluetooth and wireless serve are very different. Therefore, in order to differentiate these two extremely useful devices from one another, it is imperative that their true nature be revealed in a comprehensive manner.

What is Bluetooth?
Bluetooth is a wireless device that enables the users exchange data over a short distance from fixed and mobile devices. In doing so, Bluetooth is capable of creating personal networks with high amounts of security, thus enabling the exchange of information wirelessly over many devices. Introduced in the year 1994 by the telecom vendor Ericson, Bluetooth was first introduced as an alternative to wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. Today, Bluetooth is managed by Bluetooth Special Interest Group which has in its possession, over 15000 member companies operating in the areas of telecommunication, computing, networking and consumer electronics.

What is wireless?
Wireless can be introduced as a blanket term that is used to refer to all methods of communications that use electromagnetic waves such as radios, satellites, GPS and etc. However, by wireless, most people today imply Wi-Fi, which is a technology that allows computers or the internet to communicate with each other through a wireless router. Developed as an alternative method for restrictive wired networking, wireless facilities are usually found in laptops, PDAs and Smartphones and it is often used to connect the device to internet via a hotspot.

What is the difference between wireless and Bluetooth?
In a sense, Bluetooth too is a wireless technological device that enables two or more devices to connect with each other and exchange data and information without being connected by wires. However, when one mentions wireless, it often refers to the Wi-Fi wireless networking system rather than the whole range of wireless systems that utilize electromagnetic waves to connect with one another instead of being connected through wires. However, the key difference between wireless and Bluetooth would be the fact that while Bluetooth devices communicate with one another in a secured, separate network, wireless network on the other hand is capable of communicating with any other device through a wireless router. Therefore, the number of devices that Bluetooth can reach is limited while this is not the case with a wireless network.

Another difference can be identified when it comes to the range within which the devices can be operated. Bluetooth can only be operated within a few meters of distance, with an exception to class A devices whereas a much greater range is offered in wireless networks in order to offer the users with greater mobility. The range limit on Bluetooth was thus imposed intentionally as a means of reducing security risks. The speed in which data is transferred within the two technologies also differs. While the data transfer between Bluetooth devices is rather slow, one can attain great speed in data transfer with regards to a wireless network. This is due to the fact that the amount of data that needs to be transferred via Bluetooth is rather low and thus it is considered that Bluetooth does not require much bandwidth as wireless.

Wireless has been around much longer than Bluetooth even though both the technologies are still at their primal stages. However, Bluetooth was introduced with the aim of replacing infrared which had a lot of restrictions and also with the aim of replacing cables whereas wireless networking was introduced with the aim of getting rid of the hassle and limitations involved in a wireless network. However, both services are today, available in mobile phones, laptops, computers, Smartphones and the like.

Portability is one of the concerns a consumer has, when he is going to buy a modern day piece of technology. Manufacturers, having understood the tendency, develop whatever their device into a smarter device, which facilitate the consumer with light weight and portability and they take as much efforts as possible to make it an all-in-one device as well. In the world of smart devices, we see devices starting from MP3 players to more advanced devices such as smart phones. Laptops, note books and netbooks are also used by many. Netbook, being a smaller model of the note book has many differences than the iPod touch, the latest version of Apple’s MP3 players. Therefore, this paper focuses on providing the difference between the Netbook and pod Touch.

What is Netbook?
Netbook is a small computer, which is even smaller than the Notebook. Netbook is a type of a subnotebook computer. When comparing to Notebook and laptop computer, netbook is cheaper and under-powered as well. But still Netbook is suitable for word processing, running a Web browser and connecting wirelessly to the Internet. It usually has 10-inch screen and scaled-down keyboard and touchpad to match. Netbook is extremely small and lightweight. To keep the device small and compact, netbook does not have a CD or DVD drive, and most use solid-state disks (SSD) for storage. The operating system Netbook runs is either Windows XP Home edition or Linux. It does not support XP Professional, Vista, or OS X. Netbook usually does not have a touch screen. On the other hand, it processes slowly as it runs older versions of operating systems. A Netbook costs US$ 200 to US$ 300. Thus Netbook is a great solution for users who just want a basic computer to get onto the Internet with and do basic applications.

What is iPod touch?
iPod Touch is the fourth generation of iPods, developed by Apple Inc. It can be described as a camera, mobile phone and as a mini computer as well. In a nut shell, it is a portable media player, personal digital assistant, handheld game console, and Wi-Fi mobile device. It appears to be the first iPod, which could access the iTunes store wireless. Its retina display and touch screen is another attractive and eye-catching feature. It supports HD video recording along with making FaceTime video calls. The rear-facing camera records video in HD (720p), up to 30fps, capturing audio through the rear panel mic. Still photos max out at 960 by 720 pixels. It brings a variety of games and it can stream wirelessly to an HDTV and speakers. A feature called AirPlay makes it happen. It is furnished with iOS 5. Adding more to this, it comes with iMessage, iCloud, notifications, and Game Centre enhancements. Since its release, the iPod touch has become a popular portable media player. With all these features in it iPod touch sounds like the perfect blend of features from the original iPod and the iPhone.

What is the difference between iPod Touch and Netbook?
Definitely there are much more differences between the Netbook and iPod Touch. First comes, the manufacturer. Netbook is mainly manufactured by Asus while iPod touch is a creation of Apple Inc. therefore, iPod Touch runs the iOS and to be more certain it runs the iOS 5. But the Netbook runs the Windows home operating system or Linux. Therefore it gets much slower to process. On the other hand, the iPod Touch with its iOS, stands stronger and quicker.

While Netbook is a mini Notebook with fewer applications, iPod Touch is the next generation, the 4th generation, of iPods with much applications and features and above all attractive touch screen. Netbook does not have a touch either a touch screen or a camera. But iPod touch carries a rear – facing camera, which supports HD video recording, high quality photography and making FaceTime video calls as well. This facetime video calling make the iPod touch more likely an iPhone. Therefore, it can be called as a combination of iPod and iPhone. Although both these devices support wireless internet access, iPod touch is more advanced, being the first iPod to access iTunes wireless. The eye catching retina touch display of the iPod touch can be a disadvantage at a time. Once the display cracks, the user cannot access the applications on the iPod.

Since Netbook is simply for accessing to internet and to run simple applications such as word processing, iPod Touch stands advanced with its whole lot of apps at iTunes. Thus, iPod Touch can be used in a more useful manner than the Netbook. Being light weight devices, both the Netbook and the iPod Touch are easily portable. The processor and the number of applications make the iPod Touch top. And also, iPod Touch has become the most favourite of its type in the current context with its multi-tasking, all-inclusive and user friendly smart features.

When speaking of software, one has to cover a very broad scope. There are various types of software designed for diverse purposes and functions. Two such types of software are open source software and free software. Though they share several similarities, they are two different types of software. Yet, many people find it difficult to differentiate between the two kinds of software applications. Therefore, this article strives to provide the reader with brief and simple descriptions of each of the two types of software, with a brief paragraph on their differences joining afterwards. Finally, a summary will be added so that it would be helpful for the reader to keep in mind several important facts about the two kinds of software applications.

What is open source software?
First of all, let us see what is meant by open source software. It is often called by its shortened name; OSS. Open source software is computer software that is accessible in source code form. The source code is a right which is generally held in reserve for copyright holders and is only provided under open source license. Open source license is a software license which allows the user to study, alter, and develop the software. Sometimes, it also permits the user to distribute the software. However, in open source software, the source code is freely available. Speaking of the history of open source software, it was first launched 1983 under the first free software movement, and under the name ‘free software’. But, it was in 1998, as suggested by a group of personnel, the term ‘open source software’ (OSS) was used to replace the old term ‘free software’. The term or the label; ‘OSS’ appeared of a strategy session held on April 07, 1998 in Palo Alto. Moreover, open source software was recognized by many people as more secure, transparent, affordable, perpetual, localized and interoperable. Besides, open source software is often improved in a public manner, and in a shared way. In conclusion, several widely used open source products would include GNU/Linux, Apache HTTP Server, Mozilla Firefox and osCommerce.

What is free software?
Then, what is free software? Free software; or as commonly referred, libre software, is software that can be studied, used and customized without restriction. Further, people cannot make alterations to the software though they would be allowed to redistribute it without restriction. That is to say, the developments to the programme can only be done by a closed group of individuals, small collaborative groups and companies. As scholars depict, the word ‘free’ in free software doesn’t associate with monetary terms. It is referred to ‘freedom’ or ‘liberty’. Yet, however, free software is often available for free, but not bound to such restriction. The redistribution of the software may or may not cost money. Moreover, unlike the open source software, free software does not provide the source code. It generally remains confined to the manufacturers. Speaking of the history of the product, the free software movement was first introduced by Richard Stallman in 1983 to benefit the computer users by providing them with software freedom. In addition, he founded the Free Software Foundation in 1985. It was from 1998 onwards that other terms which are seemingly interchangeable with free software came into practice. One such was open source software. Moreover, there are different categories of free software and they would include ‘public domain software’, ‘copy-left licenses’ and ‘permissive licenses’. To conclude, few best known instances for free software would include Linux Kernel, Apache web server, and GNU Compiler Collection.

What is the difference between free software and open source software?
Now, let us talk about the similarities and dissimilarities between open source and free software. As one can notice by examining web definitions, both types of software are defined mostly alike. The difference lies only in the emphasis. Thus, the major difference would be that open source software are introduced to provide the user with accessible source code while free software are designed to benefit the user with freedom. Next, as the name suggests, open source software permits its user to access the source code of the software whereas the free software does not generally disclose it. Further, the user of the open source software can make necessary alterations to the software while the free software user cannot make such modifications to the programme. However, both software applications allow the users to use, study, and distribute without restrictions. Moreover, open source software is often free of charge whilst the free software is most of the time free.

Music is a universal language. Lives can be healed through music and it sometimes acts as a form of meditation. People from different countries, speaking different languages, find music as a common language that can be used to communicate among each other. Thus, it is not a secret that Symphonies and Orchestras are known by many. Although they appear to be similar, they have some distinctive differences. Therefore, this article is delivered in order to enlighten those who are still blind to differences between Symphony and Orchestra.

What is a Symphony?
The term Symphony is usually used in Western classical music. There. It refers to an extended musical composition. Such a Symphony includes strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion. Symphonies were still almost always orchestral works. Symphonies are composed for concert, opera, or church use. The term Symphony is also used for a large piece of music written for an orchestra, which started with Haydn during the Classical period, and are still written today. This Symphony usually consists usually of 3 main movements, or sections each lasting several minutes. It is sometimes referred to as a sonata for an orchestra because many symphonies are tonal work in four movements with the first in sonata form. This is often described by music theorists as the structure of a “classical” symphony. The word symphony is derived from Greek word, which was used to describe an instrument mentioned in the Book of Daniel, once believed by scholars to have been a bagpipe. Early symphonies, in common with both overtures and ripieno concertos, have three movements, in the tempi quick-slow-quick. Gustav Mahler wrote long, large-scale symphonies at the beginning of the 20th century. Some composers, including Dmitri Shostakovich, Sergei Rachmaninoff, and Carl Nielsen, continued to write in the traditional four-movement form, while other composers took different approaches. The “Italian” style of symphony, often used as overture and entr’acte in opera houses, became a standard three-movement form: a fast movement, a slow movement, and another fast movement. In 18th century, vocal music was dominant, and symphonies provided preludes, interludes, and postludes. By now the original style of symphony has changed. But still symphonies are loved by many.

What is an Orchestra?
The term Orchestra has been derived from a Greek word used to describe the place where musicians and dancers performed in ancient Greece. Thus, when different instruments play together, they form an orchestra. An Orchestra includes cellos, violins, violas and basses; brass instruments, such as trumpets, trombones, French horns and tubas; wind instruments, such as oboes, flutes, bassoons and clarinets; as well as percussion instruments like the snare drum, cymbals and timpani. Apart from the core orchestral complement, various other instruments are called for occasionally. In a nutshell, an Orchestra is a large instrumental ensemble. An Orchestra is also called as a Symphony Orchestra as an orchestra is what plays symphonies but it can play other music too. There are two types of Orchestras. One is ‘Chamber Orchestra’. Such an Orchestra has less than 50 players. A ‘Full Orchestra’ has 100 or more members in it. Among the instrument groups and within each group of instruments, there is a generally accepted hierarchy. In the 1830s, conductor François Antoine Habeneck began rehearsing a selected group of musicians. It was done in order to perform the symphonies of Beethoven, which had not been heard of in their entirety in Paris. Today we can see some different versions of Orchestras, where there are no conductors and sometimes with multiple conductors. During composers Beethoven and Felix Mendelssohn’s time, the orchestra was composed of a fairly standard core of instruments which was very rarely modified.

What is the difference between Symphony and Orchestra?
Although here are no real differences between Symphony and Orchestra, there is a huge fundamental difference between these two. Above all, a Symphony is a piece of Western classical music that is played by an orchestra, while an Orchestra is a group of Western classical musicians that often play symphonies. The difference between Symphony and Orchestra has less to do with the number of members and more to do with instrumentation. Basically, an orchestra is a symphony if it is capable of playing symphonies.

Both Symphony and Orchestra come from Greece. There, Symphony referred a harmonious combination. It also was used to refer to any number of instruments used produced chords, such as dulcimers. In Greece, Orchestra was a chorus. It was used in ancient Greek theatre to comment on the action of the play. It also referred to the area of the stage in which the chorus was situated.

A piece of art must be having an author. Therefore, the Symphony also has a composer and he is the one to write the Symphony. The Orchestra on the other hand, being a group of musical instrument players, must be having a conductor. Thus, an Orchestra is directed by a conductor. In some orchestras, we find multiple conductors while in others these are not any conductors at all. The conductor and the composer can be the same. But this happens very rarely. Anyway, the conductor and the composer are the important people in Orchestras and Symphonies. In case of a Symphony, only one person contributes to create it. But in case of an orchestra, there should be a group, often more than 100 players, to bring out the art work. Thus, Symphony and Orchestra have only few distinctive differences.

What if someone wants to throw away their old TV and purchase a new one? Yes, at present times, their first choice would be an HD TV. An HD TV means a High Definition Television which generally offers higher resolution than the current NTSC, PAL and SECAM broadcast standards. When purchasing a flat screen TV or an HDTV, the automatic subsequent question arises would be ‘Plasma or LCD’. Although a lot of people may still think that plasma and LCD are similar mainly because they look almost alike. Hence, it could be very confusing to differentiate between the two, but, it should be kept in mind that they are two distinctly different types of screens. Though plasma and LCD are generally used in HD TVs, it should be noted that LCD is also widely in computer monitors. However, this article intends to reach such confused minds to clarify the differences between plasma and LCD for them.

What is plasma?
First of all, let’s begin with plasma. Plasma TV, as the term is widely used in everyday context, is a type of flat screen television which utilizes a plasma display. A Plasma Display Panel (PDP) is a kind of flat panel display which is frequent to 30” or bigger screened TVs. Because of the technology they use, they are called ‘plasma’. The technology is of small cells containing ionized gases which are normally electrically charged. It consists of a group of tiny gas cells which are placed between two sheets of glass. Each cell releases an ultraviolet illumination of red, green and blue tiny dots on the screen. To produce a picture on the display, these dots glow at different potencies. Each cell is consisted of a tiny neon lam filled with neon, xenon and some other gases. The cells, when they are electrified via ‘electrodes’, illuminate. That is how a picture is lightened on the plasma display. Moreover, speaking of the characteristics of plasma displays, they are bright displays usually with 1000 lux or higher and have a wide colour gamut. When compared to the LCD screen, plasma displays have a very low-luminance “dark-room” black level. The display panel is usually 6 cm thick and the overall thickness of the plasma TVs is less than 10 cm. The power consumption of plasma displayed TVs generally range from 200 watts to 400 watts. To conclude, plasma screens are universally manufactured by a number of companies such as LG, Panasonic, Sony and Samsung.

What is LCD?
Then, what is meant by LCD? LCD is the acronymic term for Liquid Crystal Display. It is also a flat panel display which is additionally known as electronic visual display or video display. The LCD utilizes the light modulating properties of fluorescent liquid crystals. They do not release light directly and therefore LCD panels generate dark tones by blocking the backlight that is passing through the panel. Even though, the first LCD displays had low colour contrasts, today’s best LCDs displays utilize an LED (Light Emitting Diode) backlight for better colour contrast. So, it can be seen that LCD and LED are the same types of display only with different kind of technology. LCD displays are mainly utilizes by flat screen, large TVs and computer monitors. Moreover, speaking of LCD characteristics, LCDs are notorious for viewing angle problems when the viewer is not placed in front of the screen but at some angled position. Next, their resolution is high compared to plasmas. Their price and weight are lesser than other types of flat screens. And, there is no danger of burn- in when using LCD screens. To conclude, a vast number of electronic manufacturing companies such as Panasonic, Sony, Samsung, LG, Singer and Hitachi produce LCD screens.

What is the difference between LCD and plasma?
Now, let’s pay attention to the differences between the two types of flat screens. The major difference would be the technology they utilize. The technology they use is distinctly different. Plasma screens use plasma cells that release electrodes to generate picture on the screen. LCD on the other hand are consisted of fluorescent liquid crystals which are placed in between glass plates. The image is generated when the electric charges are set out to the liquid crystals and the backlight glows to bring life on the display. Next, both types of displays generate high quality pictures but, at the first stages of LCD, there was a problem in backlight resulted in low colour contrasts. Moreover, plasma screens have superior viewing angles when compared to LCDs. This means that if you sit t some angled position to the screen, you would see distorted pictures on the LCD screen due to its viewing angle problem, but, plasma would give you no problem of that sort at all. Furthermore, speaking of the price, LCD screens are the most inexpensive flat screen type. Finally, both screen types would consume relatively high power than LED.

Today is the era of tablets and smartphones, one would undoubtedly say. Well, is that true? Yes, today is the era of desktop laptop been evolved to tablet computers and cellular phones been evolved to smartphones. The twenty first century can obviously be abridged to tablets computers and smartphones. Netbooks, which are somewhat similar to tablet computers in terms of usability, are another benchmark of the evolution of personal computers. However, as much as they seem to be similar, tablet computers and Netbooks are quite different in many ways. This article intends to describe what a tablet computer is and what does a Netbook mean, and ultimately to explain the differences between the two types of personal computers.

What is tablet computer?
A tablet computer, or as commonly known, a tablet or a tab, is simply a more sophisticated type of personal computer which is a mobile computer slightly larger than a mobile phone. It is also known as a ‘personal digital assistant’ incorporated into a flat touch screen. Tablet computers basically operated by touching the screen either with your finger tip or with a digital pen that is exclusively designed to use for tablets and touch phones. Tablet computers do not come with a physical keyboard but they use an onscreen virtual keyboard. The keyboard may generally be connected to the tablet with a wireless link or a USB port. The keyboard only appears when it is requested by the user. Briefly speaking of the origin and the history of tablet computers, the concept of the tablet originated in the 19th and 20th centuries. However, the first portable mobile computer based on that concept emerged at the closing stages of the 20th century. Microsoft Tablet PC, which was comparatively unsuccessful, was first introduced during the 2000s. Then, Apple released the first successful tablet computer of the world, iPad in April, 2010. Then, several other companies such as Samsung launched tablets for the world commercial market. Further, speaking of the operation of tablets, a number of operating systems can be run in them just like in regular computers. Operating systems used in tables are two typed: traditional desktop-based Oss such as Microsoft Windows, and Linux, and post-PC mobile-based Oss such as Apple iOS and Google Android. Ultimately, tablets typically have battery life of three-ten hours and they generally weigh around 1-1.5 kgs.

What is a Netbook?
A Netbook, which is completely different from notebooks that are laptop computers, belongs to a category of small, lightweight and inexpensive computers. They were first discovered in late 2007. Smaller Netbooks encompass low weight and low cost, it is generally viewed. A Netbook would typically weigh 1kg. Netbooks are notable for their featured smaller screens and keyboards. Further, they also offer reduced computing power in comparison to a normal laptop. Moreover, Netbooks come in a range of screen sizes from 5” to 12”. Over time, Netbooks became more advanced with sophisticated features. Although Netbooks’ origin can be tracked from Libretto sub notebooks in 1996, the generic term ‘Netbook’ came into use in 2007 with Asus introducing Asus Eee PC. However, with the fast development of the tablet market, Netbooks were dragged to a decline.

What is the difference between a Netbook and a tablet computer?

As you may be well clear by now, tablet PCs and Netbooks are different types of personal computers. One similarity that can be drawn between them would be their capacity to be used easily and carried easily with low weight. Also, both belong to the category of ultra mobile devices. Yet, there are a number of differences between the two computer types. The major difference would be their price difference. Tablet computers are generally more expensive than Netbooks. Further, Netbooks are descendants of notebooks, a type of laptops while the tablets are slightly different from laptops. Netbooks do always come with a physical keyboard though the design is smaller. Yet, tablets come with an integrated virtual keyboard. That would be another disparity. Besides, another major discrepancy would be the touch screen. The tablets are designed centering a touch pad. Tablets’ touch screen let the user use it more efficiently with a stylus pen or a digital pen. That permits the user to navigate relatively easily. Tough screen advantages you at the time you want to draw a diagram or a figure. For the same purpose with a Netbook, you have to have a mouse on a flat, smooth surface. Moreover, tablet computers are little bit higher in the capacity to get damaged. That should be noted in your mind though. Tablets are easy to operate in the field too. They do not require a flat surface to sit on. You can always operate a tablet holding it in your hand. But, a Netbook always require a flat surface to sit on so that it can be operated. This feature makes tablets more efficient. As such, tablet computers and Notebooks are distinctly different.

Today’s market is full of various modern products which generally gain high demand from the community. Many create products and put them up for sale. These products generally encompass a huge variety: modern equipment, gadgets, novels, songs, movies, and even theories and hypotheses on various subject matters. Whatever your product is, you need to think of a way to ensure that you- the creator- get the original rights privileges. This is also referred to as intellectual property rights. When your product is preserved with intellectual property rights, no other party can steal it from you and you, only you, will be gain the original creators rights. Although during the Middle Ages, anonymous authorship was encouraged, at present, creators wish to enjoy recognition and monetary compensation every time someone enjoys their product or piece of work, and that is where trademark and copyright come in. both trademark and copyright is means of preserving the original rights to the original creator of the product. However, the two phenomena seem similar, there are several distinct differences between the two and still, many people find it difficult to differentiate between the two. Therefore, this article endeavours to explain what trademark and copyright mean with a paragraph of their differences following afterwards.

What is a trademark?

As it is defined in a dictionary, a trade mark is ‘an officially recognized mark or name belonging to a particular company, and not to be used by anyone else, and that is put on all goods made by the company’. It can also be defined as a distinctive sign used by an individual creator, business organization or a company with legal production rights, for consumers to identify that the particular product on which the trademark appears is invented by a unique resource and is designated for a definite market and to make a distinction for its products or services from other similar entities. The first officially registered trademark launched in Britain in 1875 for Bass beer’s red triangle. A trademark is generally indicated by several signs and they are presented as follows.
™ – used for an unregistered trade mark (a mark used to promote goods)
 – used for an unregistered service mark (a mark used to promote services)
® – used for a registered trademark

What is copyright?

As it is generally defined by any dictionary, copyright is defined as the sole right to reproduce a literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work, and also to perform, translate, film, or record such a work. In a broader sense, it is a legitimate concept which is endorsed by many governments in the world letting the creator of an original work to enjoy the exclusive rights to it. But, the original authors are allowed to enjoy these original right privileges only for a limited time. The general meaning of copyright can be translated as ‘right to copy’ and only the copyright holder is permitted to reproduce the product, to re-perform the work, to be accredited for the work, to be financially profited from the work, and other associated rights. Copyright can also be viewed as a form of intellectual property which is applicable to any form of an idea or information. Copyright is indicated with the symbol © and copyright is usually applied to works of art such as a piece of music, a film, a book, a drama, or a translation. Speaking of the origin of the copyright, the first law was the Statue of Anne which proclaimed in 1710 in response to publishers printing books of authors after the expiration of the signed contract and not paying off the authors the profit of the reprinted books.

What is the difference between copyright and trademark?

Both terms can be understood similarly by most people as both phenomena protect some original work or product from using it by an unauthorized party. Yet, when closely observed, there are several distinct differences between the two intellectual property protection means. The major difference between trademark and copyright is that while trademark is used on products, brands of goods and services, copyright is applied to books, films, music, and drama. Another difference is that while trademark can either be registered or unregistered, copyright does not come in like that. Moreover, another major discrepancy is that while trademark is about not letting anyone create a product identical to your product under the same brand, copyright is about not letting an unauthorized party from copying, re-producing, re-creating or re-performing your work without your permission. Only a copyright gained party can copy such work of art and generally copyrights remain during the day of the creator and even after 50 years after his/her death. And, copyright law is applied internationally while trademark, especially unregistered trademark, only covers the area where the product is distributed.